Advaxis immunotherapies are based on a novel platform technology that utilizes live, attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) bio-engineered to secrete an antigen/adjuvant fusion (Lm-LLO) protein. Lm-LLO consists of a truncated fragment of the Lm protein listeriolysin (LLO), fused to target antigens of interest. Lm-LLO is designed to stimulate a powerful immune response not only to Lm which is inherent in humans, but to redirect this same response to the target antigen(s). Lm-LLO based immunotherapies are designed to generate a more comprehensive immune response by serving as its own adjuvant, directing antigen presentation, and changing the tumor microenvironment by increasing tumor infiltrating killer T-cells and decreasing Tregs/MDSCs.